Camshaft grinds for turbo
Posted: Mon Dec 11, 2006 11:13 am
I have noticed quite a number of post that are in relationship to camshaft choice for forced induction cars. So I thought I would do a quick blurb about camshafts and turbo engines. This will be a generalization, just to give you a couple details.
First I would like to say that I know MANY of you are not running a turbo specific camshaft AND I know that your engine runs just fine with it. This post is not about what CAN be done but rather what SHOULD be done to get the most out of your turbo charged engine.
This is also not about race engines, but rather a street car, or even an off-road buggy.
Don't worry...I'm not going to drone on for hours about camshaft dynamics...this just a short statement...
What works as a cam in a pumped up non turbo engine, can create hindrances in a turbo charged engine.
In example...a large "lumpy" cam in an NA engine has a lot of a thing called overlap. As many of you know...overlap is the event where both the intake valve and the exhaust valve are open at the same time.
What has happened is the piston moved up the cylinder and is shoving the burnt gas out of your exhaust valve. The next thing that is going to happen will be your intake stroke where the intake valve opens, the piston goes down in the bore and "vacuums" fresh air and fuel in behind it as it goes down.
However...on an NA engine, pulling in fresh gas and air is not up to the piston alone. This is where overlap comes in. The piston just shoved the waste (exhaust) out of the exhaust port, the exhaust being pushed out the exhaust valve is going fast enough that it creates a vacuum behind it...kind of like when a semi truck passes you on the freeway and you can feel the vacuum behind it. This vacuum created by the exhaust rushing out the exhaust valve into the exhaust system is used to help pull in fresh air and fuel from the intake valve during overlap. There are a ton a variables about this and like I said....I am not going to go into all of them...you get the idea of what overlap is and what it does.
Now... a large amount of overlap on a turbo engine can cause you some grief. The reason is.... that the back pressure in your exhaust system created by your turbo can be twice as high (or higher) than the pressure in your intake...because your turbo is really in the way of your exhaust leaving the system. So lets say the pressure in your exhaust system is 20 psi and your boost pressure coming from your intake is only 10 psi. You open the exhaust and intake valve at the same time and I can tell you that your exhaust gas will go through the valve with only ten pounds of pressure fighting against it rather than the valve with 20 pounds fight it. Which forced exhaust gas back up through your intake valve.
This is only one tiny example of why a turbo camshaft is different from one geared toward an NA car. Like I said at the beginning...I don't want to bore you to tears with a bunch of tech talk...Just wanted to give a quick "heads up" that there is a reason that "turbo grinds" do exist.
I would like some of the guys on here to weigh in on this and possibly add a few details and reasons behind turbo specific cam design.
Also...any questions from guys that feel "lost" in this area will be answered in as plain, untechnical lingo as I can.
First I would like to say that I know MANY of you are not running a turbo specific camshaft AND I know that your engine runs just fine with it. This post is not about what CAN be done but rather what SHOULD be done to get the most out of your turbo charged engine.
This is also not about race engines, but rather a street car, or even an off-road buggy.
Don't worry...I'm not going to drone on for hours about camshaft dynamics...this just a short statement...
What works as a cam in a pumped up non turbo engine, can create hindrances in a turbo charged engine.
In example...a large "lumpy" cam in an NA engine has a lot of a thing called overlap. As many of you know...overlap is the event where both the intake valve and the exhaust valve are open at the same time.
What has happened is the piston moved up the cylinder and is shoving the burnt gas out of your exhaust valve. The next thing that is going to happen will be your intake stroke where the intake valve opens, the piston goes down in the bore and "vacuums" fresh air and fuel in behind it as it goes down.
However...on an NA engine, pulling in fresh gas and air is not up to the piston alone. This is where overlap comes in. The piston just shoved the waste (exhaust) out of the exhaust port, the exhaust being pushed out the exhaust valve is going fast enough that it creates a vacuum behind it...kind of like when a semi truck passes you on the freeway and you can feel the vacuum behind it. This vacuum created by the exhaust rushing out the exhaust valve into the exhaust system is used to help pull in fresh air and fuel from the intake valve during overlap. There are a ton a variables about this and like I said....I am not going to go into all of them...you get the idea of what overlap is and what it does.
Now... a large amount of overlap on a turbo engine can cause you some grief. The reason is.... that the back pressure in your exhaust system created by your turbo can be twice as high (or higher) than the pressure in your intake...because your turbo is really in the way of your exhaust leaving the system. So lets say the pressure in your exhaust system is 20 psi and your boost pressure coming from your intake is only 10 psi. You open the exhaust and intake valve at the same time and I can tell you that your exhaust gas will go through the valve with only ten pounds of pressure fighting against it rather than the valve with 20 pounds fight it. Which forced exhaust gas back up through your intake valve.
This is only one tiny example of why a turbo camshaft is different from one geared toward an NA car. Like I said at the beginning...I don't want to bore you to tears with a bunch of tech talk...Just wanted to give a quick "heads up" that there is a reason that "turbo grinds" do exist.
I would like some of the guys on here to weigh in on this and possibly add a few details and reasons behind turbo specific cam design.
Also...any questions from guys that feel "lost" in this area will be answered in as plain, untechnical lingo as I can.